"Trade is far cheaper than empire, just as internal development is a less costly route to prosperity than plunder."

I write about international trade, global markets, and economic power because I think these are the forces that actually shape the world, more quietly, and more consequentially, than most political news suggests.

A sanctions regime that cuts off Russian oil. An OPEC decision that shifts energy costs for a billion households. A trade agreement that redirects supply chains across three continents. These things matter enormously, and they are rarely explained well. That is what I am trying to do here.

I study Economics with Politics at the University of Bath. What draws me is not economics in the classroom but economics in practice, in the decisions made by governments, trading houses, central banks, and the people caught in between. I am particularly drawn to commodity markets, where geopolitics, finance, and the physical world collide most visibly.

The writing here is shaped by what I read, what I study, and the conversations I find myself in.